SERICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED BY CSRTI MYSORE

SERICULTURE
TECHNOLOGIES
DEVELOPED BY
CSRTI MYSORE
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute
(ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified)
Central Silk Board – Ministry of Textiles – Govt. of India
Manandavadi Road, Srirampura
Mysore 570 08 India
Dr. Bharat B. Bindroo
Director, CSRTI Mysore
Dr. Satish Verma
Scientist E (Engineer), CSRTI Mysore
Month & Year of Publishing: March 2014
Language: English
© All rights reserved
No part of this document or parts thereof may be reproduced,
stored in retrieved system or transmitted in any form, any language
or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Authors
Dr. Bharat B. Bindroo
Dr. Satish Verma
Published by:
Director
Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute
Central Silk Board – Ministry of Textiles – Govt. of India
Manandavadi Road, Srirampura
Mysore 570 08 India
PREFACE
The Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSRTI),
Mysore was established in 1961 at Channapatna, midway between
Bangalore and Mysore and later shifted to Mysore in 1963. Today, this
institute has grown up into a centre of excellence and an international
centre for research and training in the field of mulberry sericulture
sciences and technology. The institute has become the backbone of
sericulture industry in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhrapradesh, Kerala,
Maharastra, & Madhyapradesh which all together contribute over 85 % of
mulberry silk produced in India.
Through its dedicated team of scientists and workers, CSRTI,
Mysore has developed many high yielding varieties of mulberry, races of
silkworms producing high quality and quantity of silk, easy and
economic methods of mulberry cultivation, full-proof diseases and pest
control in mulberry and silkworms, labour saving silkworm rearing
techniques and devices, etc. Today, the techniques developed at CSRTI,
Mysore have transformed sericulture into a highly profitable farm based
activity from a mere subsidiary occupation in the past. Mechanization
has made mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing feasible at large
scale. This has attracted a large number of new farmers to take up
sericulture in Southern and Central India.
Today, CSRTI, Mysore has completed 52 years and during this
period many technologies have been developed by its researchers. Most
of the CSRTI technologies have been widely adopted by the farmers. A
number of products, equipments and machines developed by institute
have been patented and commercialized after validation both at
laboratory and field level confirming the 3E formula of effectiveness,
easiness and economic viability. Now, a large number of farmers
specifically in South India are realizing the benefits of these technologies
as evidenced by the results of two mega programmes namely JICA and
IVLP during X & XI Five Year Plan period. Hence, it is time now to take
account of all the technologies.
This booklet gives account of various mulberry & sericulture
technologies developed by CSRTI, Mysore. The booklet also indicates the
level of adoption of the technologies in the field by the farmers. A list of
the products, equipments and machines patented and commercialized
has also been given in this compilation.
Dr. Bharat B. Bindroo
Dr. Satish Verma
Dated : 17th March 2014

INDEX
S.No. Technology Page No.
About CSRTI Mysore 1 - 6
A. Mulberry Varieties
a. Mulberry varieties for Irrigated Conditions
K2 (M5) 7
S-54 7
S-36 7
V-1 7
G-2 7
G–4 7
b. Mulberry varieties for Rainfed conditions
S-13 8
S-34 8
RFS-135 8
RFS-175 8
AR-11 8
RC-1 8
RC-2 8
c. Mulberry varieties for Alkaline conditions
AR-12 9
d.
Shade tolerant mulberry variety for growing in
coconut plantations
Sahana (Kanva-2 x Kosen) 9
B. Mulberry Propagation Technologies
Nursery for mulberry 10
Top working to replace local and other mulberry
varieties 10
Multiplication techniques using green wood cutting 10
C. Mulberry Cultivation Practices
Pit System of Planting 11
Paired Row Plantation 11
3M Plantation System for Mulberry 12
Mulberry cultivation package for young age silkworms 13
Mulberry cultivation for late age silkworm rearing 13
Package of mulberry cultivation as tree 13
Azotobacter biofertiliser for nitrogen economy 14
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) inoculation
of mulberry gardens 14
Dual inoculation of mulberry with Azotobater & VAmychorrhiza
14
Foliar spray of zinc for mulberry 14
Foliar spray of iron for mulberry 14
S.No. Technology Page No.
Split application of fertilizers and farm yard manure for
alkaline soils 15
Sulphur application in mulberry crop 15
Reduced doses of potassium to mulberry crop 15
Seriboost – Liquid fertilizer for increasing mulberry
productivity 15
Posan – A multinurient formulation for correcting
nutrient deficiencies in mulberry 15
Green manuring and dry weed mulching for rainfed
gardens 16
Drip Irrigation System for Mulberry 16
D. Recycling of Sericultural Wastes
Compost for sericulture waste 17
Vermin Compost from Sericulture Waste 17
Use of Silkworm Litter & Waste for Biogas Generation 18
E. Mulberry Diseases & pest Management
a. Management of mulberry leaf diseases
Leaf Spot (Cercospora moricola) 19
Powdery Mildew (Phyllactinia corylea) 19
Leaf Rust (Cerotelium fici) 19
Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv.mori/
Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori) 19
b. Management of mulberry root diseases
Bionema – A bionematicide for control of root knot
disease 19
Raksha – A biofungicide for the control of root rot
disease 20
Nursery Guard – A biofungicide for the management of
mulberry nursery diseases 20
Chetak – A bioformulation for control of major
mulberry diseases 20
Bio-Mix ( Consortium for disease management of root
rot complex) 20
Tri-mix (Consortiu fr management of root rot) 20
B Compo-mix for production of disease supressive
quality of compost 21
NAVINYA - A plant based product for management of
root rot disease in mulberry 21
NEMAHARI - A plant based product for management
of root knot disease in mulberry 21
c. Management of mulberry pests
IPM against Mealy Bug causing Tukra in Mulberry 21
IPM against Mulberry Leaf Roller 22
IPM against Bihar hairy Caterpillar
22
S.No. Technology Page No.
F Silkworm Races & Hybrids
a. Bivoltine Hybrids
CC1xNB4D2 23
CA2 x NB4D2 23
CSR2 x CSR4 23
CSR12 x CSR6 23
CSR3 x CSR6 23
CSR16 x CSR17 23
CSR18 x CSR19 24
Thin denier hybrid - CSR48 x CSR4 24
Krishnaraja - Double Hybrid (CSR6 x CSR26) x (CSR2 x
CSR27) 24
Chamaraja – CSR50 x CSR 51 24
GEN Hybrid (GEN 3 x GEN2) 24
PM x CSR8 (Sex Limited) 25
CSR2 (Sex Limited - Nandi) 25
b. Multivoltine Hybrids
MY1 x NB18 25
P2D1 X NB18 25
RD1 x NB18 25
BL23 x NB4D2 25
BL24 x NB4D2 26
Kapila - BL43 x NB4D2 26
Cauvery - BL67 x CSR19 26
Varuna – BL24 x C. Nichi 26
Jayalakshmi – ND7 x CSR2 26
L14 x CSR2 - An improved cross breed with superior
quality 26
c. Coloured Silk 27
G. Silkworm Rearing Technologies
Silkworm Rearing House Models 28
Sheet Egg Transportation Bag 28
Loose Egg Transportation and Incubation Bag 28
Earthen Pot for Incubation of silkworm Eggs 28
Double Brick Walled Chamber for Incubation of
silkworm Eggs 29
Hydrodynamic incubator 29
Loose Egg Incubation Frame 29
PVC Stands for Chawki rearing 29
Environator 30
Brushing Net for young age silkworms 30
A simple device for Chawki leaf preservation 30
Plastic Chop Sticks 30
Blue Polythene sheet for young age silkworm rearing 30
Wrap up Method of Chawki Rearing 31
S.No. Technology Page No.
Cleaning of Chawki bed by Rolling of Rearing bed 31
Nutrid - Semisysnthetic diet for Young Age Silkworms 31
Chawki Transportation Frame 31
Shoot Rearing 31
Cool Guard for heat reduction in late age silkworm
rearing houses 32
Standard Rearing Schedule for CSR2xCSR4 and
BL24xNB4D2 hybrids 32
Sampoorna - A Phytoecdysteroid for Synchronized
Maturation of Silkworms 33
Samrudhi – A Juvenile Harmone for Silkworms 33
Jobrai Method of Silkworm Harvesting 33
Mounting Hall 33
Plastic Bottle Brush Mountage 34
Plastic Collapsible Mountages 34
Card Board Rotary Mountage 34
Plastic Rotary Mountage 34
Rotary Mountage Stands 34
New Mountages 35
Cocoon Transportation Bag 35
H. Silkworm Diseases & Pest Management
Formalin Chaff Application for control
of muscardine 36
Chemotherapy of muscardine diseases
in silkworms 36
Disinfection and hygiene in silkworm rearing houses
using bleaching powder 36
Disinfection and hygiene in silkworm rearing houses
using chlorine dioxide 36
Diagnosis and management of diseases in silkworm
rearing 37
Determination of health status of Chawki silkworms 37
Colloidal textile dye based dipstick immunoassay for
the detection of BmIFV in silkworm 37
Pebrine detection for commercial silkworm egg
production 37
Resham Keet Ousadh (RKO) 38
Vijetha 38
Vijetha Supplement 38
Ankush 38
Amrut 38
IPM Against Uzi Fly (Exortisa bombycis) 38
IPM Against Dermestid Beetles in Grainages 39
Raksha Rekha (an insecticidal chalk) 39
ASTRA - An eco-friendly rearing
house disinfectant 39
S.No. Technology Page No.
I Tools, Appliances and Machines for Sericulture
Machines for Rain Water Harvest & Conservation for
Irrigated Mulberry Gardens 40
Machines for Rain Water Harvest & Conservation for
Rainfed Mulberry Gardens 40
Machines for Making Pits 41
Mulberry Cutting Preparation Machine 41
Machines for Intercultural Operations in Mulberry
Gardens 41
Sprayers for Chemical Application in Mulberry
Gardens 42
Hand Tools for Mulberry Cultivation & Shoot
Harvesting 42
Knapsack mulberry shoot harvester 42
Mulberry Shoot Crushing Machine 43
Sprayers for disinfection of silkworm rearing houses 43
Electric Sprayers for disinfection in rearing houses 43
Flame Gun 44
Chawki Leaf Chopper 44
Seri Humidifier cum Heater 44
Battery Operated Duster 45
Matured Silkworm separator 45
Cocoon Harvesters for Rotary Mountages 45
Cocoon Deflossers 46
Pressing & Bundling Tool for Plastic Mountages 46
Plastic Tray Washing Machine 46
Silkworm Seed Cocoon Cutting Machine 47
Silkworm Leaf Litter Separator 47
Seri Room Heater 47
Cocoon harvestor for collapsible plastic mountages 47
Young-age silkworm dusting machine 47
J. Value Addition to Sericulture
Technology for production of non-woven flat silk 48
Spoorthi - Mulberry leaf health Drink 48
Extraction of Sericin from silk cocoons 49
Preparation of silkworm powder 48
Extraction of silkworm pupae oil 49
Preparation of silkworm pupae powder 49
Extraction of fibroin from silk cocoons 49
Silkworm pupae as human food 50
In vitro culture of Cordyceps 50
Cocoon Art Craft 50
K Technologies Patented by CSRTI, Mysore 51
L Technologies Commercialised by CSRTI Mysore 52
M Publications 53-54

1
About CSRTI Mysore
The Central
Sericultural Research
&Training Institute, Mysore
was established under the
aegis of Central Silk Board,
Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of
India. It was started at
Channapatna ion 1st April
1961 after taking over the
Sericulture Research Institute
of erstwhile Mysore province
and shifted to Mysore in the
year 1963. With the
inclusion of the training
component, the Institute was renamed as - Central Sericultural Research &
Training Institute in the year of 1965.
Today the Institute has grown into a premier Institution for mulberry
sericulture research par excellence with all modern facilities and infrastructure.
Over the decades, the Institute has gained National and International repute.
The Institute undertakes entire gamut of sericultural R & D activities to cater to
the needs of the on-farm sector of the mulberry silk industry of the southern
states (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala) which contribute
about 90% of the silk of the country besides catering to the R&D needs of
Maharastra, Gujarat & Madhyapradesh which are nontraditional sericulture
states. With its well developed infrastructure and strong indigenously
developed technological base, the Institute has made a mark as a leading R & D
institution on Tropical sericulture in the country and is well recognized as a
center for higher learning and advanced training on international front. Its
role in generation of trained human resource has been always on high
pedestals, both at domestic and international levels. So far, it has trained over
18,000 persons in different aspects of sericulture science and technology
including 700 foreign students because of its quality training. The Institute
holds ISO 9001 Certificate for its training programmes.
Besides conducting research and training on all aspects up to cocoon
production of mulberry sericulture, the institute also offers consultancy and
advisory services for national and international agencies involved in sericulture
activities. The institute also provides support to the farmers, industry and state
governments through regular services on pre planned programmes.
The Institute has also obtained internet domain registration and the
address is www.csrtimys.res.in.
2
Vision : To become an International Sericulture Institute Par-Excellence in
Bivoltine Sericulture.
Mission : To achieve excellence in application oriented research to transform
Indian sericulture Industry from the subsistence level of production to a
vibrant competitive commercial production base
Mandate :
1. Conduct scientific, technical and
economic research to enhance
production, productivity and
quality of Indian silk
2. Development of package of
practices for mulberry and
silkworm rearing and its
dissemination
3. Commercialization of products
and Technologies
4. Transfer of Technology
5. Enhance production of import
substitute silk through Transfer
of Technology
6. Training
7. Strengthening institutional
framework to support ongoing
research and related
programmes
8. Maintenance of Breeders Stock
(P4 layings),
9. Publication of R&D innovations
and package of practices for
knowledge dissemination
10. Disease Forecasting and
Forewarning
11. Collaborative Research
Programmes with other R&D
organizations in India and
abroad
Organisational Set-up : CSRTI is the largest and most diversified institution
engaged in Sericultural R & D in the country, supported by about 200 Scientists,
Agricultural Engineers, Sociologists and Economists, working in close
coordination, both at main institute and in the nested units spread over in the
southern states besides Maharashtra, Gujarat & Madhyapradesh for
development of appropriate technologies and their transfer. The R & D
activities and technology developments are carried out in different sections of
the four major divisions: Moriculture, Sericulture, Extension and Training. The
Director monitors the progress of the R & D activities of the Institute and the
nested units with the support of Planning, Monitoring, Coordination and
Evaluation cell.
3
CSRTI Mysore Extension Network
To facilitate validation and effective translation of laboratory findings
(technologies) to the field, this Institute has a three-tier system of extension
network – Regional Sericultural Research Stations (RSRS), Research
Extension Centres (REC) and Sub Units. The Regional Sericultural Research
Stations (RSRSs), located in major sericultural zones of the southern states and
carry out region specific adaptive research and technology trials to recommend
the technologies suited to the regional requirements besides providing training
to farmers and grass root level extension staff. The RECs and Sub-units share
the major responsibility of technology transfer to the stake holders and also to
provide all technological and input support to them.
4
Training Centre
Human Resource
Development in sericulture
is one of the important
mandates of the Institute.
The institute is recognized
as a flagship centre for
generation of trained
human resource in the field
of tropical sericulture. it
provides training in tropical
sericulture both at
international and national
level. This Institute is
affiliated to University of Mysore for conducting Post-Graduate Degree
Course and Ph.D. programmes insericulture. It is also recognized by Dept. of
Biotechnology and Dept. of Science & Technology, Govt. of India for
conducting various training programmes, especially for socio-economic
development and technological empowerment of the rural poor, weaker
sections and women sericulturists.
The training wing houses well equipped class rooms with audio visual
gadgets and the programmes are manned by qualified faculty, recognized by
various universities Hostel facilities are available to accommodate about 125
persons and are equipped with all modern facilities. The training standards at
CSRTI, Mysore are very high and institute holds ISO 9001 :2008 for its training
programmes.
5
Infrastructure / Facilities Available
· Well equipped Mulberry
Breeding & Genetics, Mulberry
Agronomy. Soil Science &
Chemistry, Mulberry Disease &
Management, Mulberry
Physiology, Silkworm Breeding,
Silkworm Pathology & Diseases
Management, Silkworm Rearing
Technology, Silkworm &
Mulberry Pest management
laboratories with all modern
facilities to carry out advanced
research in sericulture science
such as silkworm breeding,
silkworm pathology, mulberry
breeding, mulberry cultivation,
mulberry pest and diseases
management, etc. with attached
mulberry gardens and rearing
houses.
· Large scale mulberry gardens
and silkworm rearing houses for
technology validation and
farmers training.
· Model Chawki Rearing Centre
(CRC) of 5000- 6000 dfls
capacity to promote the concept
of commercial CRC.
· Fully equipped Molecular
Biology and Biotechnology
Laboratory to conduct advanced
research at molecular levels of
both mulberry & silkworm.
· Sericultural Engineering
workshop facilities to support
in designing prototype
development and fabrication of
machines/ equipments. The
centre has been developed into
centre of excellence for design,
development, testing and
demonstration of sericulture
equipments and machines.
6
· Computer Center provides computing and
internet facility all sections through LAN, for
sharing the files and information. The LAN also
supports on-line and off-line presentations
through multimedia / LCD projectors.
· Bioinformatics Center established with the
financial assistance of DBT under the National
Bioinformatics Network and provides database
retrieval service to the scientists of the different
institutions involved in Seri biotechnology
research of the southern states.
· Library, the main information resource centre, is
equipped with all modern facilities has a
collection of 10434 books, 6524 bound volumes of
scientific journals and 85 journals. In addition, it
also maintains a collection of dissertations (272),
Ph.D. Theses (32) and technical reports (29). It
also provides CD-ROM Database (AGRIS, BIOSIS,
BIOTECHNOLOGY CITATION INDEX, EKASWA
(Patenting) and DATABASE facilities to its
members and bring out half yearly report
“Seridoc” besides publishing and compilation of
literature on sericulture..
· Two seri-technology museums and IVRS system provides latest sericulture
information
7
A. Mulberry Varieties
(a) For Irrigated Conditions
K2 (M5) : This was the first variety recommended
by institute. K2 is selection from Mysore Local
isolated at Kanva near Ramanagaram Taluq of
Bangalore district. The variety yields 32 MT
leaf/ha/year.
S-54 : The variety was evolved in 1984 and became
popular in South India under irrigated conditions.
The variety yields 35 MT leaf/ha/year.
S-36 : The variety was evolved & recommended in
1986 and became popular in South India under
irrigated conditions. The variety yields 45 MT
leaf/ha/year and found more suitable for young age
silkworm rearing. This variety grows well in red
lateritic soils.
V-1 : The variety was evolved and recommended in
1997. It yields 55-60 MT leaf/ha/year of mulberry
leaf. This is the most popular mulberry variety in
the States of Karnataka, Tamilnadu,
Andhrapradesh, Kerala and Maharastra. This
variety is suitable for both young and late age
silkworm rearing.
G-2 : The variety was evolved in 2003 for irrigated
conditions for raising mulberry gardens exclusively
for young age silkworm rearing. The variety yields
38-40 MT leaf /ha/year.
G–4 : G4 is an elite mulberry variety evolved in
2003 for irrigated conditions specifically and for
late age silkworm rearing. The variety yields 55-60
MT leaf/ha/year.
8
(b) Varieties for Rainfed conditions
S-13 : The variety was evolved & recommended in
1990 for rainfed conditions or areas with limited
irrigation. This variety yields 12-14 MT leaf
/ha/year.
S-34 : The variety was recommended in 1990 for
rainfed conditions with alkaline soils and limited
irrigation. This variety yields 12-14 MT leaf/ha/year.
RFS-135 : The variety was evolved in 1986 for
rainfed conditions or areas with limited irrigation.
This variety yields 30-35 MT leaf/ha/year.
RFS-175 : The variety was evolved in 1990 for
rainfed conditions or areas with limited irrigation.
This variety yields 40-45 MT leaf/ha/year.
AR-11 : The variety was evolved in 1999 for rainfed
and semi-arid conditions or areas with limited
irrigation. This variety yields 8-10 MT leaf/ha/year.
RC-1 :This variety evolved in 2002 is suitable for sub
optimal conditions (atleast 50 % reduction in water
and manures). It yields 24-26 MT leaf/ha/year. This
variety is suitable for late age silkworm rearing.
RC-2 : This variety evolved in 2002 is suitable for
sub optimal conditions (atleast 50 % reduction in
water and manures). It yields 24-26 MT/ha/year.
This variety is suitable for late age silkworms.
9
(c) Varieties for Alkaline
conditions
AR-12 : The variety was evolved
in 2000 for alkaline soils with
pH > 8.5. This variety yields 25
MT leaf/ha/year.
(d) Shade tolerant variety
Sahana (K2 x Kosen) : This grows well under shade in a coconut
garden in peninsular states of India. This variety yields 25 MT
leaf/ha/year.
B. Mulberry Propagation Technologies
10
Nursery for raising mulberry saplings
The mulberry cuttings with 3-4 healthy buds made from well
matured mulberry shoots should be planted in soil beds of 120 cm x
180 cm at space of 10 cm in rows with 20 cm distance between them.
The nursery should be irrigated frequently and weeding carried out
periodically.
Top working for replacement of local mulberry varieties
This technology consists of grafting a bud
of high yielding variety like V1 or S36 to a
mulberry plant of local or any other
variety. This helps in quick replacement of
local mulberry varieties with high yielding
varieties without uprooting the plants.
Multiplication techniques using
green wood cutting
The soft and semi-soft wood cuttings
exhibited high survival (90%) in V1 variety.
The rate of multiplication through soft
wood is nearly 3 times higher than normal
multiplication system. From 1/5th of
hectare garden, about ½ a million saplings
could be raised in a year. The saplings
raised through this method are very cheap.
11
C. Mulberry Cultivation Technologies
Pit system for plantation
To facilitate fast establishment,
the mulberry saplings are planted
in 30cm x 30cm x 30cm pits at
spacing of 60 cm or 90 cm. The
roots propagate fast and plants
establish fast. This plantation
method was recommended by
CSRTI, Mysore in 1980s. A hectare
of mulberry garden contains
12,345 plants.
Paired Row Plantation
The paired row
plantation for mulberry
was developed and
introduced at CSRTI,
Mysore in 1995. It
facilitates movement of
power tillers and tractors
for intercultural and
other operations in a
mulberry garden. This
system of plantation
reduces dependency on man and animal power for intercultural
operations. (5’+3’) x 2’ is the most common paired row plantation
system adopted by a large number of farmers. Here, the distance
between two rows of pair is 90 cm (3’). The space between two pairs
is 150 cm (5’). The plant to plant space in a row is 60 cm (2’). The
total number of plants per hectare is 13, 437. The mechanized
cultivation improves the quality of leaves and curtails expenditure
on intercultural operations by atleast by half.
12
3M Plantation System for Mulberry
The Paired row plantation
system have many distinct
advantages except that
movement of a tractor or
a power tiller is feasible
only along the rows. To
plough the land across the
rows to uproot the weeds
between the plants, the
farmer should use animal
plough. This is feasible
only for small mulberry
gardens. To totally
mechanize various
operations in a mulberry
garden and allow a power
tiller or a tractor to move
along and across the rows,
3M plantation system was
developed by CSRTI,
Mysore in 2005. In this
plantation method, there
are 9,677 plants per
hectare. The cost of
intercultural operations
can be curtailed by 50 %
by adopting 3M plantation
methods. The soils are
well aerated due to cross
ploughing.
This method is very
much suitable for large
scale mulberry
cultivation. There is
improvement in plant
growth and the quality of
leaves due to thorough
cultivation and total
uprooting of the weeds
by the machines.
13
Mulberry cultivation package for young age silkworms
(Chawki Rearing)
Cultivation of mulberry in spacing of
90 cm x 90 cm or paired row
plantation [(150+90)x60 cm)/
(5’+3’)x2’] with 40 MT of farm yard
manure/ha/year and NPK @
450:140:140 kg/ha/year in eight splits
in the form of straight fertilizers and
adopting top clipping method of
training (alternate harvesting of
leaves and shoots) produces 30 Mt/ha/year of quality leaves for
rearing of young age silkworms. S-36 and V1 are suitable for young
age silkworm rearing.
Mulberry cultivation package for late age silkworm rearing
Cultivation of mulberry in spacing of
90 cm x 90 cm or paired row
plantation [(150+90)x60 cm)/
(5’+3’)x2’] with 20 MT of farm yard
manure/ha/year and NPK @
350:140:140 kg/ha/year in two splits in
the form of straight fertilizers.
Farmers can get 50 Mt/ha/year of
quality leaves from V1 and 40
MT/ha/year of quality leaves from S-
36 for late rearing of young age
silkworms.
Package for mulberry cultivation as tree
The package consists of mulberry
variety as S-13, plant spacing as 2.4 m x
2.4 m, crown height of plants as 150 –
180 cm, and fertilizer dose as 50:25:25
kg/ha/year of NPK. The green
manuring during rainy season helps in
improving the soil fertility. The trees
yield mulberry leaves @ 6–7 MT/ha/
year. The mulberry can be harvested 4
times in a year.
14
Azotobacter biofertiliser for nitrogen
economy
Azotobacter biofertiliser @ 20 kg per year/ha in
5 equal splits (4 kg/crop mixed with 200 kg of
powdered FYM) has been found to curtail 50 %
of the chemical Nitrogen input without any
adverse effect of leaf quality and yield.
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)
inoculation of mulberry gardens
By inoculation of mulberry during nursery stage
using soil based inoculam of VA-mycorrhiza
containing mixed culture of G. mosseae and G.
fasciculatum results in better growth of the
plants. The inoculation of established mulberry
plants with VAM (1000 kg) by intercropping
maize and application of VAM curtails
phosphatic fertilizer requirement by 50 %.
Dual inoculation of mulberry with Azotobacter & VAmychorrhiza
The technology involves introduction of Azotobacter biofertilser
along with VA-mychorrhiza in the rizosphere of mulberry for
achieving synergistic effect of both the organisms in the same
environment so as to facilitate effective utilization of the nitrogen
and phosphorus by the mulberry plants. The technology ensures
saving of Nitrogen and phosphatic fertilizer atleast by 50 % .
Foliar spray of zinc for mulberry
Foliar spray of Zinc Sulphate (1% aqueous
solution sprayed 20 – 25 days after pruning to the
mulberry garden under irrigated conditions
augments leaf yield of mulberry by 20 %.
Foliar spray of iron for mulberry
Foliar spray of Iron ( 0.5% Ferrous Sulphate
solution sprayed 20 – 25 days after pruning to
the mulberry garden under irrigated conditions
augments leaf yield of mulberry by 12 - 15 %.
15
Split application of fertilizers and farm yard manure for
alkaline soils
Application of 350 kg/ha/year of N (5 splits) : 150 kg/ha/year of
P2O5 (5 splits) : 150 kg/ha/year of K2O (2 splits) and 25 MT of farm
yard manure (3 splits) in alkaline soils increases the mulberry leaf
yield by 10 - 12%.
Sulphur application to mulberry crop
It is recommend to use inorganic fertilizers like Ammonium
Sulphate to mulberry plants as sulphur helps in conversion of
nitrogen to protein in mulberry.
Reduced doses of Potassium to mulberry crop
Analysis of soils collected from mulberry gardens in Karnataka,
Tamilndu and Andhra Pradesh indicated high potash status.
Application of potash @ 90 kg/ha/year was found as effective as
applying 120 kg/ha/year in these soils and same was recommended.
Seriboost – Liquid fertilizer of micronutrients for increasing
mulberry productivity
Seriboost ( a product of SERICARE) was tested
for mulberry, is a multinutrient formulation used
as foliar spray containing all necessary nutrients
in a balanced proportion and in easily available
form for healthy growth of mulberry thereby
producing good quality cocoons. Seriboost is
sprayed at 0.25 % in two sprays per crop after
pruning/leaf picking (1st spray 23-25 days after
pruning and 2nd spray 3-25 days after pruning).
Posan – A multinurient formulation for
correcting the nutrient deficiencies in
mulberry
Posan is a multinutrient formulation for foliar
spray. It contains all the essential nutrients in a
balanced and easily available form for healthy
growth of the mulberry thereby catering the
complete nutritional requirement of the
silkworms. It also enhances the mulberry leaf
yield upto 20%.
16
Green manuring and dry weed mulching for rainfed gardens
Raising of green
manuring crops
(cowpea, moth bean,
horse gram@ 20 kg
seeds/ha/yr) once and
its incorporation in the
soil before flowering
(after 40-45 days of
growth) during the
rainy season, followed
by weed mulching
after rainy period for efficient in-situ soil moisture
conservation to increase the yield of leaf by 10 – 12 % besides
improvement in quality of leaf.
Drip Irrigation System for Mulberry
CSRTI, Mysore developed and introduced drip irrigation system to
mulberry plantations for effective use of irrigation water which is
becoming scarce in most of the sericulture prominent areas. For
mulberry both micro-tubes and drippers are suitable. The laterals
should be placed along the rows with a dripper between two plants
in 90 x 90 cm plantation. In paired row a lateral is placed between
two rows and water emitter, a micro-tube or dripper, between four
plants.
With drip irrigation
system, there is
water saving upto 45
% when compared
to furrow irrigation.
Presently a drip
irrigation system for
a mulberry costs
about Rs. 60,000/
hectare. A large
number of
farmers have
adopted drip
irrigation systems for mulberry plantations in peninsular India.
17
D. Recycling of Sericulture Wastes
Compost making out of sericulture wastes
On a sericulture farm a large quantity of mulberry shoots are
available which normally go waste or used as firewood. CSRTI,
Mysore developed a technology to convert the mulberry shoots into
high nutritionally rich compost.
The decomposition of mulberry
shoots is very slow and time
consuming process. To fasten
the composting process, the
mulberry shoots should be cut
and crushed into small pieces.
The crushed shoots are put into
compost pits and covered with
soil. The mulberry shoots
normally takes 9-12 months for
decomposition but by following
the methodology developed by
CSRTI, Mysore, the compost
can be made ready in 4-5
months. This technology saves
money besides enriching the
soil.
Vermin-Compost from Sericulture Waste
Mulberry needs a lot of
organic matter in the
form of FYM to maintain
desirable level of carbon
and other micronutrients
in the soil. To overcome
the problem of
availability of FYM and
help a sericulture farmer
to produce FYM at their
own, the vermincomposting
technology
was introduced by
CSRTI, Mysore during
the year 1995.
18
On a sericulture wastes such as left over leaves, silkworm litter,
mulberry shoots, weeds, etc. can be converted into high quality
nutritionally rich vermin- compost with help of earthworms. The
vermin-composting of a sericulture farm reduces the dependency on
chemical fertilizers which are harmful to soils.
Use of Silkworm Litter & Waste for Biogas Generation
The silkworm litter is very good and continuous source of fuel for
biogas generation. About 1.7 m3 of biogas can be generated by using
30-40 kg of silkworm litter per day. The silkworm litter can be
supplemented to animal dung in a bio gas plant. The biogas from
silkworm litter and sericulture wastes can be used by the farmers for
cooking, heating water, lighting, etc. The slurry from biogas plants
is very rich in nutrients and can be used as manure for mulberry
gardens.
19
E. Mulberry Disease Management
a. Management leaf diseases of mulberry
Leaf Spot (Cercospora moricola)
Foliar spray of 0.2 % solution of Bavastin
(Carbendazim 50 % WP) solution is very
effective for control of leaf spot disease in
mulberry.
Powdery Mildew (Phyllactinia corylea)
Foliar spray of 0.2 % solution of Bavastin
(Carbendazim 50 % WP) or Karanthane
(Dinocap 30 % EC) is very effective for control
of powdery mildew in mulberry.
Leaf Rust (Cerotelium fici)
Adoption of wider spacing, avoiding delay in
harvesting leaves and foliar spray of 0.2 %
solution of Kavach (Chlorothalonil 75 % WP)
is very effective for control of leaf rust in
mulberry.
Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae
pv.mori/ Xanthomonas campestris pv.
mori)
Pruning at a height of 30 cm above the ground
during rainy season in high rainfall areas and
spraying 0.2 % solution of Stretomycin or
Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75 % WP) is very
effective for control of bacterial disease in
mulberry.
Management root disease of mulberry
Bionema – A bionematicide for control of root knot disease
The Verticellium chlamydospreum based bio-formulation developed
by CSRTI, Mysore is very effective against root knot (Meloidogyne
incognita) disease of mulberry. It reduces the diseases upto 80-85 %.
20
Raksha – A biofungicide for the control of root rot disease
A bio formulation of Trichoderma harzianum is very effective for
management of root rot (Fusarium solani & F oxysporum) diseases
of mulberry. The diseases is reduction is upto 75-80 %.
Nursery Guard – A biofungicide for the management of
mulberry nursery diseases
Nursery Guard is very effective for control and management of
nursery diseases like stem canker & die back [Lasiodiplodia
(=Bortyodiplodia) theobromae], collar rot (Phoma sorghina & P.
mororum) and cutting rot (Fusarium solani), a bio-formulation of
Trichoderma pseudokoningii. It suppresses the incidence of nursery
diseases by 80 % & increases sapling survivability by 40%.
Chetak – A bioformulation for control of major mulberry
diseases
Chetak controls all major foliar diseases of mulberry such as leaf
spot, powdery mildew, leaf rust and blights and major soil borne
diseases viz., stem canker, cutting rot, bie back, root knot, root rot
and diseases complex (nematode + root rot pathogens). The
diseases is reduction is upto 85-90 %.
Bio-mix (consortium for management of root disease
complex)
Bio-mix is a consortium of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride
developed for management of root disease complex. The disease
reduction is upto 75-80 %.
Tri-mix (Bio consortium for management of root rot)
Tri-mix prepared from region specific (Karnataka, Tamilnadu and
Andhra Pradesh) isolates of Trichoderma harzianum was developed
for management of root rot disease caused due to pathogen
complexity (F. solani, F. oxysporum, B. theobromae and M.
phaseolina). The disease reduction is upto 75-80 %.
21
Compo-mix for production of disease suppressive quality
compost
Compo-mix is a Trichoderma based bio-inoculants used for
hastening both aerobic and anaerobic composting process to
produce compost with disease suppressive quality. One kg of
Compo-mix is required for treating 1,000 kg of raw material.
NAVINYA – A plant based product for management of root rot
disease in mulberry
Navinya is an eco-friendly product (80%
plant components & 20% chemicals) for
control of root rot diseases in mulberry. It is
a target specific, eco-friendly plant based
formulation and does not affect beneficial
microflora in soil. The disease control is
around 80-90%.
NEMAHARI - A plant based product for management of root
knot disease in mulberry
Nemahari is a target specific, eco-friendly plant based formulation
and does not affect beneficial microflora in soil. It is absorbed by the
roots easily and inhibits nematode population and its multiplication
in soil and mulberry roots. Nemahari is an eco-friendly product
(75% plant components & 25% chemicals).
c. Management of mulberry pests
IPM against Mealy Bug causing Tukra in Mulberry
The IPM against Tukra consists of clipping
of affected apical portion of mulberry and
burning it, spray of 0.2 % solution of DDVP
(Nuvan) and release of predatory beetle
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Scymnus
coccivora @ 625 adults/hectare.
22
IPM against Mulberry Leaf Roller
The IPM against mulberry leaf roller
comprising of clipping of affected portion
of mulberry plant, burning it or dipping in
0.5% soap solution, spraying 0.8 %
solution of DDVP (Nuvan) once in 10 days
after harvesting of leaf/shoots and release
of pupal parasitoid Tetrastichus howardii
@ 1,25,000 adults/hectare and
Trichogramma chilonis – an egg parasitoid
@ 3 Trichocard/week/ hectare.
IPM against Bihar hairy Caterpillar
The IPM against Bihar hairy caterpillar
consists of regular monitoring of the pest
by destruction of egg masses and
gregarious young caterpillars which are
found in lower surface of the leaf. Deep
ploughing and flood irrigation helps in
killing the papae. Keeping of poisonous
baits inside the trench will also help in
killing the caterpillars. The caterpillars
can also be killed by spraying 0.15%
solution of DDVP (Nuvan).
23
F. Silkworm Races and Hybrids
a. Bivoltine Hybrids
CC1xNB4D2
This hybrid has 20-22% shell ratio and 17-
19% silk recovery. The silk obtained is of
2A grade. The renditta is 7 – 8. This
hybrid was authorized in 1995.
CA2 x NB4D2 This hybrid has 20-22% shell
ratio and 17-19% silk recovery. The silk
obtained is of 2A grade. The renditta is 7 –
8. This hybrid was authorized in 1995.
CSR2 x CSR4
This hybrid has high shell ratio (23-24%)
and raw silk recovery (19-20%) and yield
over 65 kg cocoons/100 dfls. The silk
obtained from the cocoons is of
international grade (3A-4A). This hybrid
was authorized in 1997.
CSR12 x CSR6
This hybrid has high shell ratio (23-25%)
and raw silk recovery (19-20%) and yield
over 65 kg cocoons/100 dfls. The silk
obtained from the cocoons is of
international grade (3A-4A). This hybrid
was authorized in 1999.
SR3 x CSR6
This hybrid has high shell ratio (23-25%)
and raw silk recovery (19-20%) and yield
over 70 kg cocoons/100 dfls. The silk
obtained from the cocoons is of
international grade (3A-4A). This hybrid
was authorized in 1999.
CSR16 x CSR17
This hybrid also has high shell ratio (23-
25%) and raw silk recovery (19-20%) and
yields over 70 kg cocoons/100 dfls. The silk
obtained from the cocoons is of 3A-4A
grade. This hybrid was authorized in 1999.
24
CSR18 x CSR19
This hybrid is suitable for rearing
throughout the year specially during
summer months and yields on an average
of 58 kg cocoons/100 dfls. The average
renditta of 5.5 & silk grade of 2A-3A can
be realized from this hybrid. This hybrid
was authorized in 1999.
Thin denier hybrid - CSR48 x CSR4
This hybrid has long filament ( >1500 m)
and thin filament ( dernier < 2.4d). This
can be used for production of fine silk
fabric. The silk is of 3A – 4A grade. This
hybrid was authorized in 2005.
Krishnaraja - Double Hybrid
(CSR6 x CSR26) x (CSR2 x CSR27)
This hybrid exhibits high fecundity
besides survival of more than 95 % and
raw silk more than 20 % .It was widely
accepted by the farmers of AP, Karnataka
and TN. The average yield obtained
ranges 65-70 kg/100 dfls. This hybrid was
authorized in 2005.
Chamaraja – CSR50 x CSR 51
This race is recommended for rearing
through out the year particularly during in
summer season. The race yields 65 kg
cocoons/100 dfls. The silk obtained from
the cocoons is of international grade (2A-
3A).
GEN Hybrid (GEN 3 x GEN2)
The hybrid has been evolved through the
new approach of molecular marker
assisted selection by transferring high
activity amylase genes from the
polyvoltines into the genetic background
of productive bivoltine breeds. The
hybrid has recorded an average yield of
64 kg/100 dfls. The race has renditta of
6.5
25
PM x CSR8 (Sex Limited)
This hybrid consists of sex limited male
parent CSR8 which enables the P1
farmers in selling only the white cocoons
(male) to the grainages and the yellow
cocoons (female) can be sold for reeling
which fetch additional money to farmers.
CSR2 (Sex Limited - Nandi)
This hybrid consists of sex limited male
parent CSR2 enables the P1 farmers in
selling only the white cocoons (male) to
the grainages and the yellow cocoons
(female) can be sold for reeling which
reduces the production cost of eggs.
b. Multivoltine Hybrids
MY1 x NB18
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in irrigated areas. The hybrid yield
44-45 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field level.
The renditta of this hybrid is 8 - 8.5 This
hybrid was authorized in 1995.
P2D1 X NB18
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in irrigated areas. The hybrid
yield 53-55 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field
level. The renditta of this hybrid is 8 - 8.5
This hybrid was authorized in 1995.
RD1 x NB18
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in rainfed areas. The hybrid yield
30 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field level. The
renditta of this hybrid is 8.5 – 9. This
hybrid has short larval duration by 3-4
days. This hybrid was authorized in 1995.
BL23 x NB4D2
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in rainfed areas. The hybrid yield
26 - 27 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field
level. The renditta of this hybrid is 8.5
This hybrid was authorized in 1997.
26
BL24 x NB4D2
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in irrigated areas. The hybrid
yield 48-50 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field
level. The renditta of this hybrid is 7.5 -
8.5 This hybrid was authorized in 1997.
Kapila - BL43 x NB4D2
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in irrigated areas. The hybrid yield
60 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at field level. The
renditta of this hybrid is 7.5 - 8 This hybrid
was authorized in 2002.
Cauvery - BL67 x CSR19
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in all
seasons in irrigated areas. The hybrid
yield 60 - 65 kg of cocoons/100 dfls at
field level. The renditta of this hybrid is
6.5 – 7. This hybrid was authorized in
2005.
Varuna – BL24 x C. Nichi
This hybrid is suitable for rearing in
rainfed areas. The hybrid yield 30 - 35 kg of
cocoons/100 dfls at field level. The renditta
of this hybrid is 10- 11. This hybrid was
authorized in 2005.
Jayalakshmi – ND7 x CSR2
This hybrid is suitable for irrigated areas.
The hybrid yields 60-65 kg cocoons/100
dfls. The renditta is 6.5. Gradable silk is
obtained from this race.
L14xCSR2 - An improved cross breed
with superior quality
L14 x CSR2, is a Multi x Bivoltine hybrid
developed by CSR&TI, Mysore. This
silkworm hybrid has 96.0% pupation,
1.971g cocoon weight, 21.5 SR%, 1008 m
filament length, 16.58 raw silk percentage,
91p neatness, 89 (strokes) cohesion, 1.45
27
size deviation, 99% neatness, 22% elongation, and is capable of
producing 2A-3A gradable silk. This hybrid has the yield potential of
78.6 kg cocoons/100 dfls.
c. Coloured Silk
The CSRTI, Mysore has developed a novel technique for inducing
the silkworms to produce coloured coloured silk. This will help in
production of silk with different natural colours.
28
G. Silkworm Rearing Technologies
Rearing House Models
Rearing house models of different rearing capacity for young and
late age silkworms developed. These models have been adopted by
many young age silkworm rearers (CRCs) and late age silkworm
rearers. The separate rearing houses have given boost to production
of quality cocoons and silk.
Sheet Egg Transportation Bag
The silkworms eggs should be
transported very carefully from egg
production/cold store to rearing house. It
should not be exposed to heat and jerks.
An egg transportation bag designed and
developed by CSRTI, Mysore is very
effective and safe.
Loose Egg Transportation and
Incubation Bag
To facilitate safe transportation and
incubation of loose eggs of silkworms, a
simple bag is designed and developed by
CSRTI, Mysore. By using this bag, the
jerks to silkworms eggs are avoided.
Earthen Pot for Incubation of
silkworm Eggs
To facilitate individual farmers for
incubation of the eggs, a specially
designed earthen pots have been
developed by CSRTI, Mysore. One can
incubate 250 – 300 dfls in a pot. Inside
the pot 25–26 °C temperature and 80–85
% relative humidity can be maintained
leading to high hatching of eggs.
29
Double Brick Walled Chamber for Incubation of silkworm Eggs
For incubation of silkworms eggs at
Chawki rearing centres a double brick
walled chamber has been designed and
developed by CSRTI, Mysore. The gap
between two walls should be filled with
coarse and moist sand. Wire mesh door
fixed at the top to prevent entry of insects,
rats, etc. to chamber. The chamber can accommodate 5000 –
6000 dfls. One can The sands helps in maintaining 25 – 26 °C
temperature and 80 – 85 % relative humidity inside the egg
chamber leading to high hatching of eggs.
Hydrodynamic incubator
It consists of a metal frame fixed with
gunny cloth. The gunny cloth covered box
is placed in a tray containing water. The
water rises by capillary action and
evaporates from the gunny cloth cooling
the air inside. It can be used for
preservation and incubation of eggs.
Loose Egg Incubation Frame
To provide optimal environmental
conditions during incubation of loose eggs,
low cost incubation frames have been
developed by CSRTI, Mysore. The frames
are very useful for incubation, black boxing
and brushing. More than 90 % hatching
can be achieved by using incubation
frames.
PVC Stands for Chawki rearing
PVC stands for Chawki rearing
centres are made up of PVC
pipes and other accessories.
They can be fabricated and
assembled easily by the
farmers. The PVC stands are
corrosion free and heat
resistant. They are much
cheaper when compared to
wooden and metallic stands.
30
Environator
It consists of a metal frame covered with
gunny cloth. An arrangement is made for
dropping water from top. Water from wet
gunny cloth evaporates thus cooling air
inside. The plastic trays of 2’ x 3’ size can
be placed inside the environator. This can
be used for Chawki rearing and late age
rearing in hot regions.
Brushing Net for young age silkworms
HDPE monofilament shade net of 35%
shade is suitable for silkworm loose egg
brushing. This net reduces the number of
missing larvae during young age silkworm
rearing. The nets can be reused, cleaned
and disinfected easily.
A simple device for Chawki leaf
preservation
It consists of a rectangular bamboo tray,
bamboo mat and a funnel to be placed in
the centre for aeration. It is cheap, can be
fabricated locally. It can be washed and
disinfected very easily. Mulberry leaves fro
young age/Chawki silkworms can be
preserved for 10-12 hours.
Plastic Chop Sticks
CSRTI, Mysore developed plastic chop
sticks for handling of the young age
silkworms. They are better than bamboo
chop sticks and can be easily disinfected.
Blue Polythene sheet for young age
silkworm rearing
Blue polythene has been found better and
cheaper when compared to paraffin wax
coated paper used during young age
silkworm rearing. The polythene sheet can
be easily disinfected and reused.
31
Wrap up Method of Chawki Rearing
In this method the paraffin paper is folded
from all four sides instead of covering to
avoid moisture loss from the rearing bed.
About 15 – 20 % relative humidity can be
increased in the rearing bed.
Cleaning of Chawki bed by Rolling of
Rearing bed
It saves labour and time. Two workers can
clean 300 trays in two hours. This method
is hygienic as it avoids mixing of larvae
with litter.
Nutrid Semisysnthetic diet for Young
Age Silkworms
Semi synthetic diet has been developed for
rearing of young age silkworms. It ensures
the supply of balanced nutrition to the
silkworms, maintains hygiene during
rearing and leads to development of robust
silkworms. The product has been
commercialized by name NUTRID.
Chawki Transportation Frame
This frame made up of iron can be used for
hold plastic trays containing young
silkworms during transportation. A set of
frame costs Rs. 200/-disinfected easily.
Shoot Rearing
After 2nd moult the larvae can be shifted to shoot racks and further
reared with mulberry shoots. By adopting shoot rearing a farmer can
save 60% time in feeding and 23% in bed cleaning. One also saves
12.5% expenditure in equipments. In all, the shoot rearing can
atleast 40 % labour requirement for late age silkworm rearing. There
is also 15-20% leaf saving in shoot rearing method. Today this
technology is widely adopted by the farmers in all the states of
southern India, Maharastra and Madhyapradesh.
32
Cool Guard for heat reduction in late age
silkworm rearing houses
Application of Cool Guard coat on the roof of
the silkworm rearing houses reduces heat
inside the late age silkworm rearing houses by
3-4 °C. It is very suitable for hot regions.
Rearing Schedule for CSR2xCSR4 &
BL24xNB4D2 hybrids
Standard rearing
schedule for these
hybrids was worked
out. Both CSR & BL
hybrids require 20%
more feed 91440 and
122 kg/100 dfls,
respectively) and 20 %
more rearing bed area
(575 and 480 sqft/100
dfls, respectively).
Cocoon yield was
increase by 5-8 kg/100
dfls when compared to
conventional rearing
schedule.
33
Phytoecdysteroid for Synchronized Maturation of Silkworms
Administration of active content of
ecdysteriod to 5th instar silkworm at the
onset of the spinning through mulberry
leaf @ 2.5 mg/100 ml water/kg of
leaf/1000 silkworms shortens the
mounting duration to 18-24 hours. The
product has been commercialized by the
trade name as Sampoorna.
Samrudhi – A Juvenile Harmone for Silkworms
Samrudhi is an insect juvenile hormone.
It makes the silkworms to build heavier
cocoons with higher silk content. When
the Samrudhi is sprayed during last stage
of silkworms, it increases the larval
duration by one day, makes the
silkworms to eat mulberry leaf more
vigorously. By use of Samrudhi, the
cocoon yield could be increased by 8-10
kg/100 dfls and reelers get 8-10 % more
silk.
Jobrai Method of Silkworm Harvesting
Jobrai method involves shaking of the
mulberry shoots containing matured
silkworms over a plastic sheet. By this
method a farmer can save 38-40 % of
time and labour required for manual
picking without affecting the cocoon
quality.
Mounting Hall for spinning of the cocoons
To facilitate use of rotary and other type
of mountages, mounting halls of different
capacities have been designed and
developed by CSRTI, Mysore. The
mounting hall helps the farmers in
maintaining proper temperature and
relative humidity during spinning of the
cocoons for high reelability of silk.
34
Plastic Bottle Brush Mountage
It is helpful for self mounting. Over 40 %
time can be saved during mounting. The
cost of plastic brush mountages for 100
dfls is Rs. 15,000/-. The life of the
mountage is 15 years.
Plastic Collapsible Mountages
These mountages are made of expanded
plastic mesh with hexagonal openings.
The plastic mesh is folded in pleats of 10
cm. The plastic mountages can be kept in
the rearing bed itself. A plastic mountage
covers an area of 90 cm x 120 cm. The
silkworms crawl on the mountages to
make the cocoons.
Card Board Rotary Mountage
The rotary mountage is the best among
all mountages as it reduces the
percentage of defective cocoons, and
floss. It improves the quality of silk and
results in high reelability and silk grade
2A-3A. The cocoons harvested from
rotary mountages fetch more prices.
Plastic Rotary Mountage
The card board mountages have less life.
Plastic rotary mountages which have
more life than card board have been
developed by CSRTI, Mysore. The cocoon
harvesting from these mountages with
machines is easy and faster.
Rotary Mountage Stands
The rotary mountages are hanged from ceiling of the rearing house
with help of steel wire hooks and hence a separate mounting hall is
required for rotary mountages. The farmers can use the space
available between the rearing racks, verandah, leaf storage room,
etc. for rotary mountages with help of the stands. These stands
allow better rotation of rotary mountages which results in uniform
distribution of the silkworm in cocooning frames. The stands can be
assembled and dismantled quickly.
35
New Mountages
(i) Vertical Cardboard Mountage
These are made out of bamboo mat and
card board frames. A loosely woven
bamboo mat of size 1.8 m x 1.2 m is
supported with bamboo sticks on either
side. Small holes are left on the mat for
ventilation. Eight partitions are made on
the mat by fixing split bamboo sticks.
Eight cardboard frames are required for
each mat which in all can accommodate
1,248 worms.
Horizontal Cardboard Mountage
Two or three card board frames of the
rotary mountage are fixed to a rectangular
wooden frame. Two pins are provided on
both sides of the frame for rotation of the
mountage.
Cocoon Transportation Bag
HDPE Monofilament bags are
very suitable for packing and
transportation of silk cocoons.
There is good aeration in the
cocoons. The bags can be washed
and disinfected easily. The bags
are reusable. The bags are
available in 10 and 20 kg cocoon
capacities.
36
H. Silkworm Diseases & Pest Management
Formalin Chaff Application for control
of muscardine
Formalin chaff is mixture of partially brunt
paddy husk and formalin. It prevents
spread of muscardine disease in silkworms.
Chemotherapy of muscardine diseases in silkworms
The chemotherapy against muscardine was
developed to cure silkworms from
infection by fungus Beauveria bassiana. It
involves feeding of mulberry leaves
sprayed with 0.1 % solution of systemic
fungicide during 3rd, 4th & 5th instar.
Disinfection and hygiene in silkworm rearing houses using
bleaching powder
To overcome major disadvantages
associated with formalin based
disinfection, bleaching powder (30 %
chlorine) was recommended as
disinfectant. The technology suggests
spraying 2 % bleaching powder solution
prepared in 0.3 % of slaked lime solution
@ 1.5 litres/m2 of floor area of the rearing
house. The bleaching powder is also
recommended for disinfection of rearing
equipments.
Disinfection and hygiene in silkworm rearing houses using
Chlorinedioxide
To overcome disadvantages with formalin
& bleaching powder, spray of stabilized
Chlorinedioxide (ClO2), a non corrosive,
non hazardous and non pungent, was
found very effective. Spray of 500 ppm
ClO2 solution (2.5%) prepared in 0.5%
slaked lime solution @ 1.5 lit/m2of floor
area is found to be adequate for maintaing
pathogen free environment in a silkworm
rearing house.
37
Diagnosis and management of diseases in silkworm rearing
Integrated technology covering
disinfection of the rearing houses, its
surroundings and also appliances, stands,
etc. with Chlorinedioxide (ClO2), high
level of hygiene in young and late age
instars, early diagnosis of diseases,
silkworm body and rearing bed
disinfection with Vijetha was developed
and recommend for successful cocoon
crops.
Determination of health status of Chawki silkworms
This technology helps in determining the
health status of Chawki silkworms. It
involves scientific sampling of Chawki
worms during a specific period and
examination for different diseases by visual
and microscopic examination. It suggests
a bench mark of disease level to certify
them as healthy colony or diseased colony. Based on the prevalence
level of disease in the batches, the CRC can be advised to distribute
or reject or take specific measures to contain disease.
Colloidal textile dye based dipstick immunoassay for
detection of BmIFV in silkworms
Colloidal textile dye based dipstick immunoassay
offers a simple and specific method of detection of
infectious flacherie disease in silkworms. It
involves dipping of nitrocellulose specific
antibody based dipstick in homogenate of sample
and then dipping the stick in antibody dye
reagent. In positive sample a colored spot
develops which indicate presence of flacherie.
Pebrine detection for commercial silkworm egg production
The moths forming a group of 20 are
picked randomly. They are homogenized
and the homogenate filtered, centrifuged
and sediment examined for Pebrine. It is
an efficient, simple and adaptable method
for examination of moths in a large
number.
38
Resham Keet Ousadh (RKO)
RKO was the first silkworm body and rearing bed
disinfectant developed in 1986. It protects silkworm
from diseases during young and late age silkworms.
It became very popular among farmers during
nineties.
Vijetha
Vijetha, developed during 1996, is a silkworm body
bed disinfectant which protects silkworms from
diseases during young and late age.
Vijetha Supplement
Vijetha Supplement is developed for protection of
silkworms specially against muscardine.
Ankush
Ankush is an eco-friendly silkworm body bed
disinfectant which protects silkworms from diseases
during young and late age. It is biodegradable, non
hazardous and non toxic.
Amrut
Amrut is an eco-friendly plant based non toxic, non
polluting and biodegradable powder formulation for
control of silkworm diseases. It has to be mixed with
water and sprayed over mulberry leaves.
IPM Against Uzi Fly (Exortisa bombycis)
The IPM against Uzi Fly consists of
preventive methods like providing
wire mesh on all windows, automatic
door closure, anteroom to prevent uzi
flies from entry into rearing hall and
storing leaf/shoots in a separate
room.
Placing Uzi trap tablet solution near windows and entry points
helps in trapping and killing uzi flies. The spray of Uzicide after
39
second moult also controls uzi fly. For biological control Nesolynx
thymus shall be released inside the rearing house. It parasitizes the
uzi pupae.
IPM Against Dermestid Beetles in Grainages
The components of the IPM pacakage
developed against the beetles in the
pierced cocoon storage rooms in the
grainages are : removal of grubs and
adults of the beetles in the room using
vacuum cleaner and spray of 0.028 %
Deltamethrin solution on the floor and
walls of pierced cocoon storage rooms
and gunny bags used for cocoon
storage.
RAKSHA REKHA - An insecticidal chalk
Raksha Rekha was developed by CSRTI,
Mysore protection of silkworms from
ant. A thick lines of 2.5 cm is drawn
around the legs of the rearing stands
and materials for controlling the ants
from reaching to the silkworms in the
rearing beds.
ASTRA – An eco-friendly rearing house disinfectant
It is an eco-friendly sray disinfectant,
which is effective against all silkworm
pathogens at low concentration
(0.05%). Astra disinfectant is an
effective in destroying the pathogenic
microbes in the rearing house which
can be used safely at lower
concentration for disinfection of rearing
house and successful crop harvest. It
causes very minimum corrosion to iron
mesh and other materials in the rearing
house.
40
I. Tools, Appliances & Machines for
Sericulture
Machines for Rain Water Harvest & Conservation for Irrigated
Mulberry Gardens
Mulberry is cultivated for leaves
for silkworm rearing. It must be
irrigated frequently for
production of nutritious leaves
with high moisture content for
production of silk rich cocoons.
To reduce irrigation frequency
and irrigation requirement, the
soil should be loosened to
possible extent. A tractor
operated sub-soiler, can be used
for loosening soil up to 60 cm and
breaking hardpan.
Machines for Rain Water Harvesting & its in-situ
Conservation
Rain water harvesting and its in-situ conservation is very important
in sericulture. A tractor operated trencher facilitates to open about
45 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep trenches. The trenches are made
across the slope to cut run-off and store the water in trenches. The
rain water in the trenches seep down to earth and recharge the
wells.
41
Machines for Making Pits
Many times, pits are made for mulberry plantation particularly for
tree plantation. Power tiller and tractor operated auger diggers can
be used to make pits at faster rate and less cost. Power tiller auger
digger can open pits up to 12” diameter and 18” depth whereas the
tractor operated auger diggers can open pits up to 24” in diameter
and 2.5’ depth.
Mulberry Cutting Preparation Machine
The mulberry is propagated vegetatively
through cuttings. The cuttings are
prepared manually. To facilitate cutting
preparation, CSRTI, Mysore developed a
power operated cutting preparation
machine. 1,200-1,400 mulberry cuttings
can be prepared in one hour.
Machines for Intercultural Operations in Mulberry Gardens
Intercultural operations in a mulberry garden can be carried out
with help of power weeders, power tiller operated rotavator and
cultivator and tractor operated cultivators. The power tiller and
tractor operated machines are readily available at most of the places
and can be owned
or hired by the farmers. Minor tine adjustments have to be made in
tractor operated cultivators for carrying out intercultural
operations.
42
Sprayers for Chemical Application in Mulberry Gardens
Different type of hand operated
sprayers for chemical application
in mulberry such as knapsack,
compression, power operated
mist blower of different brands
available in the market were
tested for their use for chemical
spray in mulberry gardens. Selfpropelled,
power tiller and tractor
mounted sprayers available in the
market were also tested for their
suitability for mulberry gardens.
Hand Tools for Mulberry Cultivation and Shoot Harvesting
Pick-axe, shovel, spade, crowbar, sickle, bill hook, secateur and
pruning saw are some of the common hand tools used for mulberry
cultivations. These are available at most of the places.
Knapsack mulberry shoot harvester
The knapsack engine operated
mulberry prunner cum shoot
harvesters (available in market as
brush cutters) are very useful for
fast pruning and harvesting of
mulberry shoots. Around 500 -750
kg of mulberry shoots could be
harvested per hour with the
machine. The machine was found
very useful for medium and large
silkworm rearers.
43
Mulberry Shoot Crushing Machine
This machine cuts and crushes
mulberry shoots into small
pieces which facilitate fast
decomposition of mulberry
shoots. This machine is very
useful for production of
compost or vermin compost out
of sericulture waste. The
machine cuts and crushes all
other type of plant materials
including coconut fronds. The
machine is powered by 5 hp
electric motor.
Sprayers for disinfection of silkworm rearing houses
Different type of hand, foot,
engine and electric motor
operated sprayers for are
available in market for
disinfection of silkworm rearing
houses.
Electric Power Sprayers
CSRTI, Mysore developed a low
cost electric sprayer for
disinfection operations in
sericulture. It is fitted with ½ hp
electric pump set or a twin
piston HTP pump . The
disinfection is quiet effective
with both sprayers. ½ hp
electric pump set sprayer is
suitable for small rearing house
say up to 300-400 dfls capacity
whereas twin piston pump
sprayer is suitable for rearing
house on 400 dfls and above
capacity.
44
Flame Gun
Fire is the best disinfectant. It is
not only cheap but also ecofriendly.
A Flame Gun using LPG as
fuel is an effective and efficient tool
for disinfection of silkworm rearing
houses, rearing equipments,
mountages, etc. The flame gun can
also be used for floss removal from
bamboo, plastic & rotary
mountages. It is also useful for
disinfection of plastic trays used in
egg production and chawki rearing
centres.
Chawki Leaf Chopper
To facilitate chopping large
quantity of mulberry leaves in short
time, CSRTI, Mysore developed a
Chawki Leaf Chopper. It cuts 150-
175 kg of mulberry leaves in an
hour. The machine is powered by
1/2 hp electric motor and can also
be operated manually, whenever
power fail. The machine can cut
leaf into different sizes.
Seri Humidifier cum Heater
A Seri-Humidifier cum Heater
designed and developed by CSRTI,
Mysore consists of a humidifying
unit. A heating unit is provided for
winter season and colder hours of
the day. This machine is very
suitable for young age silkworm
rearing. The machine can also be
used for late age rearing during
summer season to maintain desired
level of the relative humidity in the
rearing houses.
45
Battery Operated Duster
To facilitate dusting of bed
disinfectants over silkworms, CSRTI,
Mysore developed a battery operated
duster. It avoids dust from flying and
thus avoids health hazards to the
workers.
Matured Silkworm separator
To facilitate the separation of the
matured silkworms from mulberry
shots, CSRTI, Mysore designed and
developed manual for small and
medium farmers and also a
motorised silkworm separators for
medium and large silkworm rearers.
The manually operated machines
separates about 40-50 dfls
silkworms in one hour whereas
the motorised machine can separate
over 125 dfls in one hour.
Cocoon Harvesters for Rotary Mountages
To facilitate cocoon
harvesting from rotary
mountages, CSRTI Mysore’s
Hand and pedal operated
cocoon harvesters are very
effective and efficient
equipments. Capacity : Hand
operated Harvester (25-30
frames/h, Foot Operated
harvester (50-60 frames/h).
46
Cocoon Deflossers
The loose layer of floss on a silk
cocoon should be removed before
reeling. Most of the farmers remove
floss and clean cocoons manually. To
facilitate mechanical deflossing, the
CSRTI, Mysore designed and
developed hand operated, Hand
operated cum motorised and a fully
motorised deflossing machines. All
three types of the deflossers have
been commercialized and readily
available to the farmers.
Capacities of machines
· Hand deflossers (25-30 kg/h)
· Motorised cum hand operated
deflossers (50-60 kg/h)
· Motorised deflossers (75-80 kg/h)
Pressing & Bundling Tool for
Plastic Mountages
Plastic mountages are pressed and
bundled manually which not only
takes time but pressing is not
uniform. To facilitate pressing and
bundling of plastic mountages,
CSRTI, Mysore developed a simple
tool.
Plastic Tray Washing Machine
To facilitate washing of plastic trays
in Chawki rearing Centres and
Silkworm Egg Production Centres, a
motorized tray washing machines
equipped with pressurized water
spray and brushing system can be
used. About 60-70 trays can be
washed in one hour.
47
Silkworm Seed Cocoon Cutting
Machine
To facilitate fast cutting and reduce
drudgery in cocoon cutting, CSRTI,
developed a motorized Cocoon Cutting
Machine. It cuts about 5000-5500
cocoons per hour. The machine reduces
drudgery in cocoon cutting.
Silkworm Leaf Litter Separator
This machine separates litter from leaf
and shoots. The litter can be used as feed
to biogas plants. The machine separates
litter from 500-600 kg leaves or shoots in
one hour.
Seri Room Heater
To facilitate silkworm rearers maintaing
the temperature inside the rearing
house, CSRTI, Mysore designed and
developed a simple electrically operated
Seri Heater.
Cocoon Harvestor for Collapsible
Plastic Mountages
CSRTI, Mysore designed and developed
an electrically operated machine for
harvesting cocoons from plastic
collapsible mountages. The machine can
harvest cocoons from 150-160 mountages
in one hour (100 dfls). The machine also
deflosses and cleans the cocoons.
Young-age Silkworm Dusting Machine
To facilitate dusting of lime and bed
disinfectants over young age silkworms
also called as chawki worms. CSRTI,
Mysore designed and developed a
motorised dusting machine to help the
Chawki Rearing centres to mechanise the
dusting work . The machine can dust 18-
20 trays in one minute.
48
J. Value Addition to Sericulture
Production of non-woven flat silk
CSRTI, Mysore developed
technology for production of nonwoven
or flat silk for various
industrial applications. The product
got an International Patent.
Mulberry leaf heath Drink (Spoorthi)
Spoorthi is made out of specially
cultivated mulberry leaves. The
regular use of Spoorthi helps in
checking the sugar and blood
pressure levels in human beings.
Extraction of Sericin from Silk Cocoons
CSRTI, Mysore developed an
innovative process for extraction of
Sericin for Bivoltine Cocoons. The
sericin contains 18 amino acids
besides 8 essential amino acids,
which are necessary for human body.
Sericin from silk cocoons is 99.9%
pure and has high medicinal
applications. It is an antioxidant,
coagulant, chemo protective and
nutrient supplement. Sericin can be
used for manufacturing facial
creams, lotions and gels.
49
Preparation of silkworm powder
CSRTI, Mysore developed an innovative
process for preparation of silkworm
powder which is of high medicinal value.
The silkworm powder is an anti-diabetic,
anti-hypertension, and anti aging.
Extraction of silkworm pupae oil
CSRTI, Mysore developed an innovative
process for extraction of oil from silkworm
pupae which is rich in unsaturated fatty
acids. The pupae oil contains oleic
palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, linolenic,
linoenic, archidic, myristic, lauric acids
and phospholipids. The silkworm pupae
oils can be used in paints, varnishes, soaps,
candle industry, pharmaceuticals, and
biodiesel.
Preparation of silkworm pupae powder
CSRTI, Mysore developed an innovative
process for preparation of silkworm pupae
powder. It contains 56% crude protein,
3.5% fibre, and 3.5% ash. The silkworm
pupae powder is very rich in sodium,
calcium, potassium and phosphorus.
Silkworm pupae powder can be used as
food supplement.
Extraction of fibroin from silk cocoons
CSRTI, Mysore developed an innovative
process for extraction of fibroin from
degummed silk cocoons. Fibroins have
high use in medicinal and health industry,
cosmetics, toiletries, tissue regeneration
and repair, scaffolds and matrices.
50
Silkworm pupae as human food
CSRTI Mysore developed dishes out of eri silkworm pupae which
are used as food in the north eastern states of India. The eri
silkworm are very rich source of protein and fatty acids. They
contain 45% protein, 20% fat and 5% ash.
In vitro culture of Cordyceps
CSRTI Mysore has developed technology and standardized the
process for invitro culturing of Cordyceps, an entomophagous
fungus with diverse biological activities and high pharmacological
commercial value on mulberry silkworm pupae.
Cocoon Art Craft
Different designs of garlands, flowers, bouquets, gift items, etc. have
been developed from mulberry cocoons. These products have high
value and demand in market due to elegancy and long keeping
quality.
51
K. TECHNOLOGIES PATENTED BY CSRTI MYSORE
No. Technology
Patent
No.
Granted
on
1 Machine for crushing shoots 198697 21/02/1997
2
A process for the preparation of
a biofungicide
192883 27/06/1997
3 Uzi trap 188408 16/09/1997
4 Vijetha - A bed disinfectant 186852 28/09/1998
5
Process for preparation of
artificial diet(Nutrid)
218430 03/02/1999
6
An evaporative cooling
apparatus
216639 08/05/2001
7
A Process for obtaining
ecdysteroid
193857 14/06/2001
8 Nursery guard - a biofungicide 220394 02/11/2001
9 Bionema 219129 05/03/2002
10
Semisynthetic diet for tropical
tasar
240259 12/06/2007
11
Universal semisynthetic diet for
multi x bi hybrids
247304 10/09/2007
12 An environator 216222 10/03/2008
13
An evaporative cooling
apparatus
216639 17/03/2008
14
A machine for pruning of
mulberry plants
217215 26/03/2008
15 Seri-torch - flame gun 223321 09/09/2008
52
L. TECHNOLOGIES COMMERCIALIZED BY CSRTI MYSORE
No. Technology
1 Uzi trap
2 Vijetha - A bed disinfectant
3 Process for preparation of artificial diet (Nutrid)
4 A Process for obtaining ecdysteroid (Samporna)
5 Seri-torch - flame gun
6 Cocoon de-flossing machine
7 RKO- A bed disinfectant for silkworm
8 Production of non-woven flat silk sheet
9 Plastic Rotary & New Mountages for Harvest Quality Cocoons
10 Hand Operated Mature Silkworm Separator & Collector:
11 Navinya a formulation for control of mulberry root rot
12 Poshan a multinutrient formulation for mulberry
13 Mulberry leaf chopping machine
14 Hydrodynamic incubator
15 Battery operated powder duster
16 Electric sprayer
17 Motorized-cum-hand operated silk cocoon Cleaning m/c
18 Hand operated silk cocoon cleaning
19 Chawki leaf chopper
20 Azotobactor bio-fertilizer for mulberry
21 Seri-Humidifier-cum-Heater
22 High Pressure Sericulture Sprayer
23 Amruth - Bed disinfectant
24 Vijetha Supplement Powder (Silkworm Bed Disinfectant)
25 Asthra- dininfectant for managing diseases of silkworm
26 Ankush- a new bed disinfectant
27 Samrudhi(JHA)
28 Pedal operated composite cocoon harvester
29 Mulberry leaf health drink- Spoorthi
30 Colour Silk
31 Seri Heater
32 Cocoon Harvestor for Collapsible Plastic Mountages
53
M. PUBLICATIONS
Title of Publication Authors Year
1. Economics of Sericulture under rained
conditions
M S Jolly 1986
2.Economics of Sericulture under irrigated
conditions
M S Jolly 1986
3.Organisation of Industrial Bivoltine
Sericulture for Tropics
M S Jolly 1986
4. Mulberry Cultivation in South India S Krishnaswamy 1986
5.Mulberry Descriptor S B Dandin & M S Jolly 1986
6. Collection, Conservation & Evaluation
of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Germplasm
M S Jolly & S B Dandin 1986
7.Prospects of Sericulture in Tea & Coffee
Plantations
M S Jolly 1987
8. Proceedings of the Meeting on
Prospects of Sericulture in Tea and
Coffee Plantations
K Sengupta 1987
9. Mulberry Cultivation as High Bush and
Small Tree in Hilly Regions
S B Dandin & K Sengupta 1988
10. Genetics Resources of Mulberry and
Utilisation
K Sengupta & S B Dandin 1989
11. A Guide for Bivoltine Sericulture K Sengupta 1989
12. Ushna Kothi S S Gosh & C N Ramaswamy 1989
13. Vijay – An Improved Reeling Machine S S Gosh & C N Ramaswamy 1989
14. New technology for Silkworm Rearing K Krishnaswamy 1990
15. Improved Method Rearing Young Age
(Young) Silkworms
K Krishnaswamy 1990
16. Problematic Soils of Mulberry Garden
and Their Management
P C Bose & K Sengupta 1990
17. Sericulture Practices for Hilly Areas of
South India
M N Narasimhanna,
N M Kanyadi, C Ravi Kumar
& H K Basavaraju
1990
18. A Treatise on the Acid Treatment of
Silkworm Eggs
N M Biram Saheb, K
Sengupta & G Vemananda
Reddy
1990
19. Diseases and Pests of Mulberry and
Their Control
K Sengupta, Govindaiah &
Pradip Kumar
1991
20. A Guide for Bivoltine Rearing (in
Hindi)
R K Datta 1992
21. Problems of Soils and Their
Management in Mulberry Gardens in
Tropics (In Hindi)
P C Bose & K Sengupta 1993
22. Manual on Bivoltine Rearing, Race R K Datta, H K Basavaraja & 1996
54
Title of Publication Authors Year
Maintenance and Multiplication Y Mano
23. Manual on Mounting and Harvesting
Technology
R K Rajan, T Inokuchi &
R K Datta
1996
24. Manual on Young Age Silkworm
Rearing
R K Rajan, A Murogai &
R K Datta
1996
25. Silkworm Breeds & Hybrids at Galore
S B Dandin, H K Basavaraja
& N Suresh Kumar
2005
26. Silkworm Rearing House Design &
Construction
S B Dandin & Satish Verma 2006
27. Mechanisation in Sericulture Satish Verma & S B Dandin 2006
28. Young Age Silkworm Rearing Trainer's
Guide
R Gururaj & S B Magadum 2009
29. Mountages, Mounting and Harvesting
Technology for Quality Cocoon
Production
Vinod B Mathur &
S M H Qadri
2010
30. Seri Success through farmer's
Innovation
S M H Qadri 2011
31. A bibliography of research work in
silkworm breeding (1960-2011)
S M H Qadri, A Naseema
Begum, N Mal Reddy,
S M Moorthy, S Nirmal
Kumar & Sowmyashree
2011
32. CPP 2008-12 - A New Dimension in
the Promotion of Bivoltine Sericulture
S M H Qadri
2012
33. Management Strategies of Papaya
Mealy bug
N Sakthivel, S M H Qadri,
R Balakrishna,
Mukund V Kirsur &
S Mahiba Helen
2012
34. Sericulture Made Easy
SMH Qadri, H Jayaram, G S
Vindhya & Satish Verma
2013
35. Resham Krishi Mardarshika (in Hindi)
GV Prasad, T Mogili, M
Raghupati, Satyanarayan
Raju & SMH Qadri
2013
36. Sahtooti Resham Utpadan ka Vikas
Nai Prodigikien ke Saath
SMH Qadri, Satish Verma,
SD Sharma, B Jayaramalu,
DD Sharma & V Jayashree
2013
37. Commercial Chawki Rearing –
Exploring New Horizons
BB Bindroo, Mukund V
Kirsur & J Justin Kumar
2013
38. R&D Advancements in Indian
Sericulture
B B Bindroo & Mukund V.
Kirsur
2013
39. Susthira Jivana ke Reshme Krishi (in
Kanada)
BB Bindroo & GS Vindhya 2014